Nkọwa: Igwe mmanụ dizel nwere ike iwepụta ike n'oge arụ ọrụ.Na mgbakwunye na ụlọ combustion na crank njikọ mkpanaka usoro nke na-agbanwe ozugbo ọkụ ọkụ nke mmanụ ọkụ ka ọ bụrụ ike igwe, ha ga-enwerịrị usoro na usoro kwekọrọ na ya iji hụ na ọrụ ha na-arụ, na usoro na usoro ndị a jikọtara ọnụ na nhazi.Ụdị dị iche iche na ojiji nke mmanụ dizel nwere ụdị usoro na usoro dị iche iche, mana ọrụ ha bụ otu ihe.Injin mmanụ dizel bụ nke mejupụtara akụkụ ahụ yana usoro mkpara crank, usoro nkesa valvụ na usoro oriri na iyuzucha, mmanụ ọkụ na sistemụ njikwa ọsọ, sistemu mmanu, sistemu jụrụ oyi, ngwaọrụ mmalite na usoro na sistemụ ndị ọzọ.
1, mejupụtara na akụrụngwa ọrụ nke mmanụ dizel engines
Injin Diesel bụ ụdị injin combustion nke dị n'ime, nke bụ ngwaọrụ ntụgharị ike nke na-agbanwe ike ọkụ a napụtara site na mkpọ mmanụ ka ọ bụrụ ike igwe.Injin mmanụ dizel bụ akụkụ ike nke ihe nrụpụta, nke mejupụtara crankshaft na-ejikọ sistemu mkpanaka na akụrụngwa ahụ, usoro nkesa valvụ na oriri na iyuzucha, sistem mmanụ dizel, sistemu mmanu, sistemu jụrụ oyi na sistemụ eletriki.
1. Crankshaft njikọ mkpanaka usoro
Iji gbanwee ike ọkụ ọkụ enwetara ka ọ bụrụ ike arụ ọrụ, ọ dị mkpa iji mezue ya site na crankshaft njikọ mkpanaka.Usoro a bụ nke kachasị ihe mejupụtara ya dị ka pistons, piston pin, mkpara njikọ, crankshafts, na flywheels,.Mgbe mmanụ ọkụ na-agba ọkụ ma na-ere ọkụ n'ime ụlọ ọkụ ọkụ, mgbasawanye nke gas na-emepụta nrụgide n'elu piston, na-eme ka piston na-aga azụ na azụ n'ahịrị kwụ ọtọ.Site n'enyemaka nke eriri njikọ ahụ, crankshaft na-atụgharị na-ebugharị ígwè ọrụ (ibu) iji rụọ ọrụ.
2. Otu ahụ
Ihe mejupụtara ahụ gụnyere ihe mgbochi cylinder, isi cylinder na crankcase.Ọ bụ mgbakọ na mwepụ nke sistemu sistemu dị iche iche na injin dizel, ọtụtụ akụkụ ya bụ akụkụ nke crank dizel engine na usoro mkpara njikọ, usoro nkesa valvụ na oriri na iyuzucha, ọkọnọ mmanụ na sistemụ njikwa ọsọ, sistem lubrication na jụrụ oyi. usoro.Dị ka ihe atụ, isi cylinder na piston okpueze ọnụ na-etolite a combustion ụlọ ohere, na ọtụtụ akụkụ, oriri na iyuzucha ducts, na mmanụ ụzọ na-ahaziri na ya.
3. Usoro nkesa valve
Ka ngwaọrụ na-aga n'ihu na-agbanwe ike ọkụ ka ọ bụrụ ike nrụpụta, ọ ga-enwerịrị usoro nkesa ikuku iji hụ na ọ na-enweta ikuku ọhụrụ mgbe niile na mwepu nke gas mkpofu ọkụ.
Ụgbọ okporo ígwè valve bụ otu valvụ (valvụ oriri, valvụ iyuzucha, valve nduzi, oche valve, na mmiri valve, wdg) na otu nnyefe (tappet, tappet, rocker arm, rocker shaft, camshaft, and time gear). , wdg).Ọrụ nke ụgbọ oloko valvụ bụ imeghe n'oge na imechi ihe oriri na valvụ ikuku dị ka ihe ụfọdụ a chọrọ, kpochapu gas na-ekpocha ọkụ na cylinder, na iku ume ikuku ọhụrụ, na-eme ka usoro ikuku dizel dị mma.
4. Usoro mmanụ ọkụ
Ike ọkụ ga-enye ụfọdụ mmanụ ọkụ, nke a na-ezigara n'ime ụlọ ọkụ na-ejikọta ya na ikuku iji mepụta okpomọkụ.Ya mere, a ga-enwerịrị usoro mmanụ ọkụ.
Ọrụ nke usoro inye mmanụ dizel engine mmanụ bụ ịgbanye ụfọdụ mmanụ dizel n'ime ụlọ ọkụ na nrụgide ụfọdụ n'ime oge ụfọdụ, ma jikọta ya na ikuku iji rụọ ọrụ ọkụ.Ọ na-abụkarị tank mmanụ dizel, mgbapụta mmanụ ọkụ, nzacha mmanụ dizel, mgbapụta mmanụ ọkụ (mgbapụta mmanụ dị elu), onye na-agba mmanụ, onye na-ahụ maka ọsọ, wdg.
5. Usoro oyi
Iji belata esemokwu esemokwu nke engines dizel ma hụ na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị iche iche dị iche iche, engines diesel ga-enwerịrị usoro jụrụ oyi.Usoro jụrụ oyi kwesịrị ịgụnye ihe ndị dị ka mgbapụta mmiri, radiator, thermostat, fan, na jaket mmiri.
6. Usoro mmanu mmanu
Ọrụ nke usoro mmanu mmanu bụ ibufe mmanụ na-ete mmanụ n'elu esemokwu nke akụkụ dị iche iche na-akpụ akpụ nke injin dizel, nke na-ekere òkè na mbenata esemokwu, jụrụ oyi, ime ka ọ dị ọcha, akara, na mgbochi nchara, na-ebelata mgbochi esemokwu na iyi, na iwere. wepụ okpomọkụ sitere na esemokwu, si otú ahụ na-ahụ na ọrụ nke mmanụ dizel na-arụ ọrụ.Ọ na-enwekarị mgbapụta mmanụ, ihe nzacha mmanụ, radiator mmanụ, valvụ dị iche iche, na ụzọ mmanụ mmanụ.
7. Malite usoro
Iji malite ngwa ngwa mmanụ dizel, a na-achọkwa ngwaọrụ mmalite iji jikwaa mmalite nke mmanụ dizel.Dị ka ụzọ mmalite dị iche iche si dị, ihe ndị a kwadebere na ngwaọrụ mmalite na-amalitekarị site na igwe eletriki ma ọ bụ moto pneumatic.Maka ihe nrụpụta ike dị elu, a na-eji ikuku abịakọrọ maka ịmalite.
2. The ọrụ ụkpụrụ nke a anọ ọrịa strok mmanụ dizel engine
N'ime usoro ikpo ọkụ, naanị usoro mgbasawanye nke mmiri na-arụ ọrụ nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ, anyị na-achọkwa ka engine na-arụ ọrụ na-aga n'ihu, n'ihi ya, anyị ga-eme ka mmiri na-arụ ọrụ gbasaa ugboro ugboro.Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa ịgbalị iweghachi mmiri mmiri na-arụ ọrụ na ọnọdụ mbụ ya tupu ịgbasawanye.Ya mere, injin diesel ga-agarịrị na usoro okpomọkụ anọ: oriri, mkpakọ, mgbasawanye na iyuzucha tupu ya enwee ike ịlaghachi n'ọnọdụ mbụ ya, na-ekwe ka engine diesel na-arụ ọrụ n'ịrụ ọrụ.Ya mere, a na-akpọ usoro okpomọkụ anọ dị n'elu okirikiri ọrụ.Ọ bụrụ na piston nke injin diesel emechara strok anọ ma mechaa otu okirikiri ọrụ, a na-akpọ injin ahụ engine diesel strok anọ.
1. ịṅụ ọgwụ ike
Ebumnobi nke ọrịa strok oriri bụ ikuru ikuku dị ọhụrụ ma kwadebe maka ọkụ ọkụ.Iji nweta ihe oriri, ekwesịrị ịmepụta ọdịiche nrụgide n'etiti ime na n'èzí cylinder.Ya mere, n'oge ọrịa strok a, valvụ ikuku na-emechi, valvụ oriri na-emepe emepe, na piston na-esi na etiti nwụrụ anwụ gaa na etiti nwụrụ anwụ.Olu dị na cylinder dị n'elu piston ji nwayọọ nwayọọ gbasaa, nrụgide na-ebelata.Nrụgide gas dị na cylinder dị ihe dịka 68-93kPa dị ala karịa ikuku ikuku.N'okpuru ọrụ nke nrụgide ikuku, a na-amịnye ikuku ọhụrụ n'ime cylinder site na valvụ oriri.Mgbe piston rutere n'etiti etiti nwụrụ anwụ, valvụ oriri na-emechi na ọrịa strok oriri na-agwụ.
2. mkpakọ ọrịa strok
Ebumnuche nke strok mkpakọ bụ ịbawanye nrụgide na okpomọkụ nke ikuku n'ime cylinder, na-emepụta ọnọdụ maka ọkụ ọkụ.N'ihi ihe oriri na-emechi emechi na valvụ ikuku, ikuku dị na cylinder na-agbanye, na nrụgide na okpomọkụ na-abawanyekwa ya.Ogo nke mmụba na-adabere n'ókè nke mkpakọ, na engine dizel dị iche iche nwere ike inwe ntakịrị ọdịiche.Mgbe piston na-abịaru nso na etiti nwụrụ anwụ, ikuku ikuku dị na cylinder na-eru (3000-5000) kPa na okpomọkụ ruru 500-700 ℃, karịrị nnọọ ọkụ ọkụ mmanụ dizel.
3. Mgbasa ọrịa strok
Mgbe piston na-achọ ịkwụsị, onye injector mmanụ na-amalite ịgbanye mmanụ dizel n'ime cylinder, na-agwakọta ya na ikuku ka ọ bụrụ ngwakọta na-ere ọkụ, ozugbo onwe ya na-agbanye ọkụ.N'oge a, nrụgide dị n'ime cylinder na-ebili ngwa ngwa ruo ihe dịka 6000-9000kPa, okpomọkụ na-erukwa elu (1800-2200) ℃.N'okpuru mkpali nke ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ na nke dị elu, piston na-agbada na etiti nwụrụ anwụ ma mee ka crankshaft gbanwee, na-arụ ọrụ.Ka piston mgbasawanye gas na-agbadata, nrụgide ya ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebelata ruo mgbe valvụ iyuzucha ya meghere.
4. Ọnwụ strok
4. Ọnwụ strok
Ebumnuche nke ọrịa strok bụ iji wepụ gas iyuzucha na cylinder.Mgbe ike strok mechara, gas dị na cylinder abụrụla gas na-ekpochapụ, na okpomọkụ ya na-adaba na (800 ~ 900) ℃ na nrụgide na-adaba na (294 ~ 392) kPa.N'oge a, valvụ iyuzucha na-emepe ka valvụ oriri na-emechi emechi, piston na-esikwa na etiti nwụrụ anwụ gaa n'etiti etiti nwụrụ anwụ.N'okpuru nrụgide fọdụrụ na piston na-agbanye na cylinder ahụ, a na-ahapụ ikuku ikuku n'èzí cylinder ahụ.Mgbe piston rutere n'elu ebe nwụrụ anwụ ọzọ, usoro ikpochapu ahụ na-agwụ.Mgbe emechara usoro ikpochapu, valvụ ikuku na-emechi na valvụ oriri na-emepe ọzọ, na-emegharị usoro ọzọ na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ n'èzí.
3. Nhazi na àgwà nke mmanụ dizel engines
Igwe mmanụ dizel bụ igwe ọkụ dị n'ime nke na-eji mmanụ dizel eme mmanụ.Igwe mmanụ dizel so na igwe mgbanye mkpakọ, nke a na-akpọkarị injin Diesel ka onye nrụpụta ha siri pụta, Diesel.Mgbe engine mmanụ dizel na-arụ ọrụ, ọ na-adọta ikuku site na cylinder ma na-agbanye ya n'ogo dị elu n'ihi mmegharị nke piston, na-erute elu okpomọkụ nke 500-700 ℃.Mgbe ahụ, a na-agbanye mmanụ ọkụ n'ime ikuku okpomọkụ dị elu n'ụdị alụlụ, gwakọta ya na ikuku okpomọkụ na-eme ka ngwakọta na-ere ọkụ, nke na-akpaghị aka na-ere ọkụ.Ike ewepụtara n'oge combustion na-arụ ọrụ n'elu elu nke piston, na-atụgharị ya ma na-atụgharị ya ka ọ bụrụ ọrụ ọrụ na-atụgharị site na mkpanaka njikọ na crankshaft.
1. Diesel engine ụdị
(1) Dị ka okirikiri ọrụ si dị, enwere ike kewaa ya n'ime engines strok anọ na mmanụ dizel abụọ.
(2) Dị ka usoro nju oyi si dị, enwere ike kewaa ya n'ime igwe mmanụ dizel na-ekpo ọkụ na ikuku.
(3) Dị ka usoro oriri si dị, ọ nwere ike kewaa ya na turbocharged na ndị na-abụghị turbocharged (na-achọsi ike) mmanụ dizel.
(4) Dị ka ọsọ si dị, enwere ike kewaa engines dizel n'ime ọsọ ọsọ (karịa 1000 rpm), ọsọ ọsọ (300-1000 rpm), na obere ọsọ (ihe na-erughị 300 rpm).
(5) Dị ka ọnụ ụlọ combustion si kwuo, e nwere ike kewaa engines diesel ka ọ bụrụ ntụtụ ozugbo, ụlọ swirl, na ụdị ụlọ mbụ.
(6) Dị ka usoro nke nrụgide nrụgide gas si dị, enwere ike kewaa ya n'ime otu ime ihe, ime ihe abụọ, na piston diesel engine.
(7) Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke cylinders, ọ nwere ike kewaa n'ime otu cylinder na multi cylinder dizel engines.
(8) Dị ka e si eji ha eme ihe, a pụrụ ikewa ha gaa n’ígwè mmanụ dizel nke mmiri, injin mmanụ ụgbọ ala, ụgbọ mmanụ dizel ụgbọ ala, igwe mmanụ dizel ígwè ọrụ ugbo, igwe mmanụ dizel nke injinia, injin mmanụ dizel na-emepụta ike, na injin diesel na-arụ ọrụ ike.
(9) Dị ka mmanụ ụgbọala na-enye usoro, ọ nwere ike kewaa n'ime Mechanical elu-nrụgide mmanụ mgbapụta mmanụ ụgbọala na elu-nrụgide nkịtị ụgbọ okporo ígwè electronic akara injection mmanụ ụgbọala.
(10) Dị ka nhazi nke cylinders si dị, enwere ike kewaa ya n'usoro nhazi ogologo na nke V, nhazi nke na-emegiderịta onwe ya, nhazi ụdị W, nhazi kpakpando, wdg.
(11) Dịka ọkwa ike siri dị, enwere ike kewaa ya na obere (200KW), ọkara (200-1000KW), nnukwu (1000-3000KW), na nnukwu (3000KW na karịa).
2. Njirimara nke engines dizel maka ike ike
Igwe mmanụ dizel na-arụ ọrụ nrụpụta mmanụ dizel.E jiri ya tụnyere ngwá ọrụ ndị a na-ahụkarị dịka ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ, ndị na-emepụta turbine steam, gas turbine generators, nuklia ike generators, wdg, ha nwere àgwà nke dị mfe Ọdịdị, compactness, obere ego, obere akara ukwu, elu thermal arụmọrụ, mfe mmalite. njikwa na-agbanwe agbanwe, usoro ọrụ dị mfe, nhazi na nrụzi dị mma, ọnụ ala dị ala nke mgbakọ na ike ọkụ, na ntinye mmanụ na nchekwa dị mma.Ọtụtụ engine mmanụ dizel eji maka ike ọkụ bụ ụdị dị iche iche nke ebumnuche izugbe ma ọ bụ ebumnuche ọzọ mmanụ dizel, nke nwere njirimara ndị a:
(1) Ugboro ugboro na ọsọ ọsọ
A na-edozi ugboro nke ike AC na 50Hz na 60Hz, ya mere ọsọ ọsọ nke generator set nwere ike ịbụ 1500 na 1800r / min.China na mba Soviet mbụ na-eri ike na-ejikarị 1500r / min, ebe mba Europe na America na-ejikarị 1800r / min.
(2) Oke voltaji kwụsiri ike
Mpụta voltaji nke mmanụ dizel generator ejiri na China bụ 400/230V (6.3kV maka nnukwu generator tent), na a ugboro nke 50Hz na a ike ihe nke cos ф= 0.8.
(3) Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị iche iche nke ike dị obosara.
Ike nke engine dizel eji maka ike ike nwere ike ịdị iche site 0.5kW ka 10000kW.N'ozuzu, a na-eji engines diesel nwere oke ike nke 12-1500kW dị ka ọdụ ọkụ mkpanaka, ebe nchekwa nchekwa, isi iyi ọkụ mberede, ma ọ bụ isi iyi ike ime obodo.A na-ejikarị ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri edobere ma ọ bụ nke mmiri dị ka isi iyi ike, na-enwe ike dị iri puku kwuru iri puku kilowatts.
(4) Nwere ikike nchekwa ụfọdụ.
Igwe mmanụ dizel maka nrụpụta ike na-arụkarị ọrụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ arụ ọrụ kwụsiri ike yana oke ibu dị elu.A na-enyochakarị isi mmalite ike mberede na nkwado ndabere na ike 12h, ebe a na-edepụta isi iyi ike na-aga n'ihu na ike na-aga n'ihu (ike dakọtara nke generator set kwesịrị iwepụ nkwụsị nnyefe na ike mkpali nke moto, ma hapụ ụfọdụ ikike nchekwa).
(5) Ejiri ngwaọrụ njikwa ọsọ.
Iji hụ na nkwụsi ike nke mmepụta voltaji ugboro nke generator set, a na-etinyekarị ngwaọrụ njikwa ọsọ na-arụ ọrụ dị elu.Maka ịrụ ọrụ n'otu n'otu na grid ejikọrọ generator, etinyere ngwaọrụ ngbanwe ọsọ.
(6)Ọ nwere ọrụ nchekwa na akpaaka.
Nchịkọta:
(7)N'ihi isi ojiji nke injin diesel maka ọgbọ ọkụ dị ka isi mmalite ike ndabere, isi iyi ike mkpanaka, na isi mmalite ike ọzọ, ọchịchọ ahịa na-abawanye kwa afọ.Owuwu nke State Grid enwetala nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma, na ọkụ ọkụ enwetala mkpuchi mkpuchi mba niile.N'okwu a, ngwa nke injin mmanụ diesel maka nrụpụta ike n'ahịa China dị oke oke, mana ha ka dị oke mkpa maka mmepe akụ na ụba mba.Site na mmepe nke teknụzụ mmepụta ihe na-aga n'ihu, teknụzụ njikwa akpaka, teknụzụ eletrọnịkị, yana teknụzụ nrụpụta ihe mejupụtara ụwa niile.Igwe mmanụ dizel maka ọgbọ ike na-etolite n'ihu miniaturization, ike dị elu, oriri mmanụ dị ala, ikuku dị ala, mkpọtụ dị ala, na ọgụgụ isi.Ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na mmelite nke teknụzụ ndị metụtara ya emewo ka ikike inye ikike na-ekwe nkwa ike na ọkwa teknụzụ nke injin diesel maka nrụpụta ọkụ, nke ga-akwalite nkwalite na-aga n'ihu nke ikike nkwa inye ọkụ zuru oke n'akụkụ dị iche iche.
https://www.eaglepowermachine.com/popular-kubota-type-water-cooled-diesel-engine-product/
Oge nzipu: Eprel-02-2024